The error you're encountering indicates that Laravel doesn't have the necessary permissions to write to the log file in the storage/logs directory. To fix this, you need to ensure that the web server user (usually www-data on Ubuntu) has write permissions to the storage directory and its subdirectories.

Step-by-Step Guide to Fix Permissions

Connect to Your EC2 Instance via SSH

Connect to your EC2 instance using SSH:

ssh -i /path/to/your-key.pem ubuntu@your-ec2-instance-public-dns

Change Ownership of the storage and bootstrap/cache Directories

Change the ownership of these directories to the web server user (www-data for Ubuntu):

sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/storage /var/www/html/bootstrap/cache

Set Correct Permissions

Set the correct permissions for the storage and bootstrap/cache directories to ensure they are writable:

sudo chmod -R 775 /var/www/html/storage /var/www/html/bootstrap/cache

Verify Permissions

Verify the permissions and ownership to ensure they are set correctly:

ls -ld /var/www/html/storage

ls -ld /var/www/html/bootstrap/cache

The output should show that the directories are owned by www-data and have the correct permissions.

Example

Here is an example of running the commands in sequence:

# Connect to your EC2 instance

ssh -i /path/to/your-key.pem ubuntu@your-ec2-instance-public-dns

# Change ownership to www-data

sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/storage /var/www/html/bootstrap/cache

# Set permissions to 775

sudo chmod -R 775 /var/www/html/storage /var/www/html/bootstrap/cache

# Verify permissions

ls -ld /var/www/html/storage

ls -ld /var/www/html/bootstrap/cache

Additional Considerations

Security: Ensure that only the necessary directories have writable permissions and that other parts of your application are secure.

Environment Configuration: Ensure that your .env file has the correct settings for logging and storage paths.