In Laravel, logging is used to record and store information about the various events that occur within an application. It can be used to record errors, warnings, queries, and other events that happen within the application. The logging system in Laravel is based on the popular Monolog library, which provides a powerful and flexible logging system that is both simple to use and highly customizable. Logging can be configured and customized in the config/logging.php file.

Laravel 10.x includes the following updates:

1. The latest version of the Blade templating engine.

2. Improved logging capabilities with Monolog.

3. Artisan command improvements.

4. Enhanced support for broadcasting events.

5. Enhanced support for automatic package discovery.

6. Improved support for testing with PHP Unit 8.

7. Improved support for queueing and scheduling tasks.

8. Improved support for rate limiting.

9. Support for custom Blade components.

10. Improved support for custom validation rules.

Events in Laravel are a way to trigger custom code in response to certain system events. They allow developers to listen for events in the application and respond to them in an appropriate manner. Examples of events that may be triggered in a Laravel application include when a user logs in, when a job is queued, when an exception is thrown, and when an email is sent.