Facades are a structural design pattern that provides a simplified interface to a larger, more complex system. They provide a unified gateway to a set of related subsystems, allowing for a simpler, easier-to-understand interface. Facades are often used to abstract away the complexity of a system, making it easier for developers to work with.

Throttling is a process that limits the number of requests a user can make in a given amount of time. This is often used as a security measure to protect against brute force attacks and other malicious activities. In Laravel, throttling can be implemented by using the ThrottleRequests middleware. This middleware will limit the number of requests per minute a single user can make. It can be added to routes by using the throttle keyword in the route definition. For example, the following route would limit the number of requests to 10 per minute:

Route::middleware('throttle:10,1')->get('/', function () {

   //

});

Eloquent is an object-relational mapper (ORM) included with Laravel. It provides an easy way to interact with your database objects using an expressive syntax, and simplifies many of the common tasks used to interact with databases such as creating, retrieving, updating, and deleting records. Eloquent also provides powerful relationship mapping capabilities, allowing you to easily define relationships between your objects, including one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many relationships.