An oligarchy is a form of government in which power is held by a small number of people, typically the wealthy elite. It is a system of government in which power is held by a small group of individuals, who usually have close economic or family ties.

The rule of law is the principle that all people and institutions are subject to and accountable to laws that are fairly applied and enforced. It is the principle that no one is above the law and that all people and institutions are subject to legal norms, including those that protect individual and collective rights.

The separation of powers is a political doctrine that assigns different powers and responsibilities to different branches of government. It is a system of government in which the executive, legislative, and judicial branches are distinct and operate independently of each other.